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Thanks to advances in growing methods and hybridization of orchids, these beautiful flowers are now readily available in many plant shops and supermarkets at reasonable prices. Perhaps the most commonly available orchid is the 'moth orchid', a member of the genus Phalaenopsis. These orchids are native to the tropical climates of Asia; the flowers range in color from white, to red and yellow, with some having red or brown spotting or barring.
 Phalaenopsis species and the many different hybrids that have been developed generally bloom during spring and summer months, but can bloom at any time depending on growing conditions. Most bloom once a year, generally with multiple blooms on a single or branching stem. Even though they bloom once per year, Phalaenopsis orchids have spectacular flowers that last for several months if left on the plant. Furthermore, the plant will continue to produce flowers once the first blooms have died, provided the flower stalk is not cut off. A trick to keep your Phalaenopsis blooming is to cut the flower stalk back to just above the 2nd or 3rd node (joint) from the base of the stem. The plant will produce a new or secondary branch and more flowers. If the flower spike is removed at the attachment to the plant, a new flower spike will generally develop the next spring if the plant is well maintained. To get your Phalaenopsis to bloom again, it is important to follow a few basic growing tips regarding watering, temperature, light, potting and fertilizing.
In the home environment, the most common reason potted orchid plants die is that they are over watered, causing the bark chips or sphagnum moss to decompose rapidly, resulting in root rot. When this occurs the leaves become limp and shriveled. Only water Phalaenopsis when the potting material feels dry, or when the pot is very light in weight when lifted. In the dry, low humidity of most Colorado homes, it is necessary to water the plant once per week by pouring plenty of slightly warm (not icy cold) water into the pot allowing it to drain out the bottom. Orchids in clay pots will need watering more often than those potted in plastic pots where evaporation is slower. Do NOT use water that has been treated by a water softener system. The salts (sodium) in the water will kill the plant. Most municipal water sources are acceptable for orchids. Water the plant in the morning to allow the leaves to dry by nightfall-this will help prevent leaf fungal diseases.
 If you suspect over-watering is a possibility, and the potting medium is rotted, carefully remove the plant from the pot and wash off the potting material. The roots should be firm when gently squeezed and whitish in color with a distinct growing tip. If the roots are black and mushy, they should be removed. If there are some remaining healthy roots, the plant should be repotted into a new, similar-sized pot using orchid bark that is obtainable from most garden centers. Do NOT plant the roots in potting soil as this will surely kill Phalaenopsis and most other orchids. Before potting the orchid, it is a good idea to soak the bark in water for a few hours to insure it is well moistened. The bark provides a well-drained medium that allows plenty of air to get to the roots. It is usually necessary to repot orchids periodically as the roots outgrow the pots and the potting medium decomposes. As a rule of thumb, only repot an orchid when you see new plant growth. Most garden centers that sell orchids can help you repot the plant when necessary.
Once your Phalaenopsis orchid is repotted, it should be placed in a bright east facing window, but not in direct sunlight as the intense sun will burn the leaves. Ideally Phalaenopsis orchids should be grown in temperatures ranging from 60 to 75 degrees F. A bathroom window is often ideal because of the higher humidity. An easy way to provide humidity around the orchid is to stand the pot on a tray covered in pea gravel. Add water to the pea gravel-this provides local humidity for the plant roots. Good air circulation at all times is important for maintaining a healthy growing environment for orchids.
Contrary to popular belief, orchids do not need a lot of fertilizer. When there is active root growth and new leaves are developing, the plant will benefit from fertilizer once per month, with a very dilute commercial fertilizer. When potted in bark, a 30-10-10 fertilizer is ideal. One tablespoon of fertilizer per gallon of water applied once a month generally works well. When the Phalaenopsis is not actively growing and appears dormant, fertilizing should be reduced or stopped entirely until the plant shows signs of new growth.
In summary, Phalaenopsis orchids can be easily maintained in the home with minimal effort and reward the grower with spectacular flowers each year. Try growing orchids-you'll enjoy it!
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